Auto Da Fé: backgroundEncyclopedia Britannica Article Plural autos-da-fé, Spanish auto de fé a public ceremony during which the sentences upon those brought before they were read and after which the sentences were executed by the secular authorities. The First auto-da-fé took place at Sevilla (Seville) in 1481; the last, in Mexico in 1850. The ceremonies, which became increasingly elaborate and spectacular, were normally staged in the city plaza. ————— As we do:
The three names for these hashcavot are added in handwriting to my copy of seder hazanut on pages 179,182 & 188. Further, all three auto dafe’s are noted as such in hashcavot books. Unsolved questions:
Daniel Levi De Barrios (1635-1701) wrote the allegorical comedy: Contra la Verdad no hay fuerza, panegírico a los tres bienaventurados mártires Abraham Athias, Jahacob Rodríguez Cáceres y Raquel Núñez Fernández, que fueron quemados vivos en Córdoba para santificar la unidad divina en 16 de Tamuz año 5425. There is no force against truth: panegyric to the three glorious martyrs Abraham Athias, Jahacob Rodríguez and Raquel Núñez Fernández who were burnt alive in order to sanctify divine unity on 16 Tamuz, 5425. This relates only one of the three names (Abraham Athias), with one day offset of the second time we mention him: 16 vs 17 Tammuz, (see Encyclopedia Sephardica Neerlandica page 32 on this discrepancy). Mind that de Barrios refers to Raquel Núñez Fernández, whilst the third hashcava is for Rachel Dias Fernades. Possible answer to the first & third question: The three hashcavot refer to three different burnings. From each burning only one person is named. See e.g. the second haschava. As can be seen form de Barrios, three persons where burnt but only Abraham Athias is mentioned in the haschava. All three names and dates are mentioned in four independent sources: in the brown hashcavot books, in the white hashcavot books and in two different annotated Seder Hazzanut prints on pages 179, 182 and 188 respectively. It is very unlikely to assume that four independent persons made the same very obvious mistake. Therefore I assume there have been two different Abraham Athias, burnt at different dates. Unfortunately I couldn’t find proof for this. ————— Uin de notulen van de Kerkenraad 2 februari 1910 ‘Voorstel van den Heer E. Colaço Osorio om het gebruikelijke gebed Ascabah voor hen die als slachtoffers van de Spaansche Inquisitie op den brandstapel het leven hebben gelaten, voortaan met meer plechtigheid binnen de synagoge te doen uitspreeken. Zie de de vermelding van de hashcava en verwijzing naar deze vergadering op de foto in het gele hashcabot boek (in rood) en de vermelding van de hashcava in het bruine boek. Dit verklaart waarom hier niets over is te vinden in seder chazzanut: die zijn van voor 1910 (Brandon). Dit verklaart ook waarom de extra tekst niet in de oude boeken staat, maar pas voor het eerst in de uitgave van 1928. |